What are the major differences between hominids (apes) and hominins (bipedal humans)?
Bipedalism and erect posture with all its anatomical (skeletal and muscular) changes more body hair of shorter length associated with sweating for thermoregulation but compromising ability of young to cling to mother while mother is moving about. larger brain with flatter face and smaller teeth, reduced canine with no canine diastemas associated with rotational chewing and changes in diet anatomical and neurological adjustments for language production and processing including mandible with pronounced chin and variable paranasal sinuses for individualizing voices greater opposability of thumb for increased manual dexterity loss of opposability of hallux (great toe) as a cost of bipedalism increased brain size requires increased birth canal size with associated changes in pelvic architecture, especially in females, somewhat reducing bipedal efficiency as a trade off. Hidden ovulation and year round copulation to support long term pair bonding larger breasts and shorter nipples and other
