What are the main principles of the 2001 Convention?
There are four main principles: 1) Obligation to Preserve Underwater Cultural Heritage States Parties should preserve underwater cultural heritage for the benefit of humanity and take action accordingly. This does not mean that ratifying States would necessarily have to undertake archaeological excavations; they only have to take measures according to their capabilities. However, the Convention encourages scientific research and public access. 2) In situ Preservation as a Preferred Option The in situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage (i.e. in its original location) should be considered as the first and preferred option before allowing or engaging in any activities directed at this heritage. The recovery of objects may, however, be authorized for the purpose of making a significant contribution to the protection of, or knowledge about, underwater cultural heritage. 3) No Commercial Exploitation The 2001 Convention stipulates that underwater cultural heritage should not be com
