What are the indication methods used in titration?
Titrations can be classified according to the indication principles and the chemical reaction occurring: Potentiometry: The concentration-dependent potential (mV) of a solution is measured against a reference potential. Examples: Acid/Base (aqueous/non-aqueous), redox, precipitation reactions. Voltametry: The concentration-dependent potential of a solution (mV) is measured at a constant polarizing electric current. Examples: Karl Fischer water determination. Amperometry: The current flowing in a sample solution (µA) is measured at a constant polarizing potential. Examples: Iron(II) and Vitamin C determination. Photometry: The light transmission (mV or % transmission) of a coloured or turbid solution is measured with a photometric sensor. Examples: Complexometric and turbidimetric reactions. Conductivity: The conductivity of a solution (µS/cm) is measured by a conductivity meter. Example: Alpha acids in beer. Thermometry: The temperature of a sample is measured by a temperature sensor.
