What are the different sources of knowledge? Which ones are especially important for educational researchers?
(a) Experience (i.e., empiricism) (b) Expert opinion (c) Reasoning (i.e., rationalism) Educational researchers use a mixture of both empiricism and rationalism. Empiricism involves collecting data, and rationalism involves reasoning and thinking about the concepts and the results and developing theories to organize the explanations. 1.7. What is the key difference between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning? Inductive reasoning is reasoning from the particular to the general. Deductive reasoning is reasoning from premises to a specific conclusion that will be true if the premises are true; it is a top-down approach to reasoning. 1.8. Describe the two forms of the scientific method, and explain why both are important. The two forms or styles are the inductive form and the deductive form. (a) The inductive scientific method follows three steps: observe the world, search for a pattern in what is observed, and make a generalization about what is occurring. This is a bottom up appro
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