What are the different paths that can be taken to implement a national social security extension strategy?
A wide range of mechanisms can be used to implement strategies extending social security: • Social insurance schemes can extend existing or modified benefits to previously excluded groups or contingencies, either on a compulsory or voluntary basis. They may also enhance their effectiveness through improved governance and design. • Special social insurance schemes can be set up for excluded groups. • Universal benefits covering the whole target population without any condition or income test (for instance, those over a certain age) can be implemented. • Social assistance programs targeting specific vulnerable groups can also be implemented: waivers, social pensions / cash benefits, conditional cash transfers (for instance on school attendance). • A complementary option is to encourage and support the development of micro-insurance and innovative decentralized social security schemes to provide social protection through communities, social partners or civil society organizations.
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