What are the differences in Methodologies of each school setting — pictorial and abstract vs. concrete, pictorial and abstract?
In traditional schools, lessons are predominantly conducted through pictorial (illustration or picture based) or abstract (separate from concrete experience or symbolic) means. Example: Teacher uses whole group demonstrations or lectures, and workbooks to teach. In a progressive setting, especially in the preschool and early elementary years, learning experiences always begin with concrete or immediately significant experiences before progressing to pictorial and symbolic/abstract. Example: Concrete – When children learn about making a set of 10, the child will make sets of 10 using different concrete manipulative materials. Pictorial – After several experiences, the child might be asked to use a worksheet with pictures of sets of objects and check the sets of 10. Symbolic – Child will be asked to write the numeral representing the quantity of the set.
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