What are the common techniques of pumping the gain medium?
• Optical pumping • Electrical pumping • Chemical pumping So far as solid-state lasers are concerned, it is mainly the optical pumping, which is being used. Optical pumping uses either CW or pulsed light emitted by a powerful lamp or a laser beam. Gas lasers such as He – Ne, carbon dioxide are pumped by electrical means. Chemical lasers such as Hydrogen Fluoride (HF), Deuterium Fluoride (DF), Chemical oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) are pumped through chemical means.