What are the CNS and gastrointestinal complications of measles, mumps, and rubella infections and vaccines?
Understanding the known adverse effects of measles, mumps, and rubella infections and vaccines is important for assessment of causal criteria related to biologic gradient (dose effect) and plausibility. Measles Measles is caused by an RNA virus. Complications affecting nearly all organ systems have been reported.129 Seizures Almost all infants and children who develop measles have moderate to high fever, which can precipitate febrile seizures, the most common neurologic complication of measles.130 Seizures without fever or other neurologic signs also occur rarely. Fever, usually mild, occurs in 5% to 15% of children who receive measles vaccine; febrile seizures do occur, but at a much lower rate than with measles infection.80 Encephalitis Changes in electroencephalograms have been noted in most studied children with uncomplicated measles.131 These changes could have been attributable to fever and other metabolic changes. No changes were noted on electroencephalograms for children who r
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