What are the clinical features of severe brain injury?
Severe brain injury is characterized by a low Glasgow Coma Scale at the time of the initial medical intervention. Usually there is also a second assessment at twenty-four hours after the injury. The individual is often in a coma or a state of diminished consciousness, which lasts for hours, and may extend to days or weeks. Symptoms often include: • Reduced ability to respond to stimuli • Changes in muscle tone • Difficulties in respiration and other vital functions • Increased intra-cranial pressure or fluid buildup, requiring monitoring and, in some cases, neurosurgery. We often see other severe physical injuries, such as fractures of the skull and internal injuries. Overall, the key medical goal is to maintain vital functions while assessments and interventions are carried out to address the multiple physical injuries and the effects of the brain injury.
