What are the characteristics of azeotropic ethanol & dehydration processes?
Azeotropic ethanol is a binary homogeneous mixture of ethanol and water in such a ratio that its composition cannot be changed except through azeotropic distillation (dehydration). This is due to the fact that when an azeotrope is boiled, the resulting vapor has the same ratio of constituents as the original mixture of liquids. For example, once the ethanol to water concentration reaches 96.4% through simple distillation, the vapor from the boiling mixture is also 96.4%. This is due to the fact that the boiling temperature of the binary azeotrope is below that of pure ethanol. Further distillation is therefore ineffective. Anhydrous (also commonly referred to as absolute) ethanol is a monohydric primary alcohol with less than 1% water. It melts at – 117.3 °C and boils at 78.5 °C. In contrast to anhydrous ethanol, azeotropic ethanol containing 95% ethanol and 5% water boils at 78.15 °C. Ethanol is miscible (i.e., mixes without separation) with water in all proportions. Energy and capita
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