What are the challenges in using ethnography to evaluate CBIs and how can these be addressed?
• Gathering comparable information across sites: In many cases, information on communities is not comparable across the sites in the study. The history of each community, for example, is unique. To address this challenge in the studies that I have conducted, I have tried to supervise and coordinate the activities of the ethnographers in each site such that the chances of getting comparable data are maximized. If I see that one story is emerging at a site, I try to see there are similar stories or different stories about the same thing at the other sites. • Identifying comparison sites: Another challenge when evaluating community-based activities is the issue of comparison sites. Early on in the design of the evaluation, you need to think about whether you will look at a comparison site. As Hollister and Hill point out (New approaches to evaluating community initiatives. (1995). Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, pages 127–172), there are challenges to setting up even a quasi-experimental
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