What are the causes of renal failure after heart transplantation?
Renal failure usually is caused by: • effects of Cardiopulmonary bypass “CPB”, which is a technique by which the pumping action of the heart and the gas exchange action of the lung, are replaced temporarily by a mechanical device during the heart operation. • secondary to chronic heart failure before heart transplantation. • nephrotoxic agents, particularly Cyclosporin drug.