What are the causes and effects of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency?
Glucose-6-phosphatase dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency is the most common disease-producing enzymopathy in humans. Inherited as an X-linked disorder, G-6-PD deficiency affects 400 million people worldwide. The disease is highly polymorphic, with more than 300 reported variants. It confers protection against malaria, which probably accounts for its high gene frequency. The G6PD enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phosphogluconate while concomitantly reducing the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP+) to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). NADPH, a required cofactor in many biosynthetic reactions, maintains glutathione in its reduced form. Reduced glutathione acts as a scavenger for dangerous oxidative metabolites in the cell. With the help of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione also converts harmful hydrogen peroxide to water. Red blood cells rely heavily upon G-6-PD activity because it is the only
