What are the associated findings in patent ductus arteriosus?
The associated findings in patent ductus arteriosus are: • S2 is obscured by the murmur; and • presence of a thrill. What are the auscultatory findings in a patient with a pericardial friction rub? In a textbook case, the friction rub will be heard in both diastole and systole, which makes its diagnosis relatively easy. Unfortunately, in many patients the rub is only detectable in systole. The rub is high-pitched and has a scratchy or scraping quality to it. It is usually best heard over the left sternal border around the third interspace, with the patient sitting and leaning forward. The diaphragm should be used and should be pressed firmly against the chest wall. You will note the patient is positioned in exactly the same way as when you are listening for the diastolic murmur of aortic insufficiency. Is a pericardial friction rub heard better during inspiration or expiration? You would think it would be louder in expiration. In fact, in about one-third of patients, it is louder durin
