What are standard output signals for signal conditioners?
First 10-50mA, then 4-20mA became the industry standard signal for process control. The primary advantages of the 4-20mA signal is the “live zero” which refers to the 4mA minimum (0% of full scale) and the fact that current signals have a high immunity to induced noise. The live zero is an advantage in the case where signal wires might be damaged. If there were as open circuit no current would flow (e.g. 0mA or -24% of full scale) and an operator would be sure to recognize a problem, versus the case where a 0-10V signal is used and an open circuit would produce 0V (or an intermediate value) which might be mistaken for 0% of full scale. Regarding noise, the physical principals of electromagnetics prove that voltage signals and high impedance voltage input instruments are much more susceptible to noise generated by radio transmitters or electric motors and power lines than current signals and their low input impedance instruments. Other popular signal levels are 1-5V and 2-10V which are
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