What are some of the landmark achievements in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and clinical evaluation to this date?
The landmark achievements in the last couple of decades have really focused around the use of emerging technologies. The fundamentals of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been well understood from a theoretical standpoint for dozens of years. It was with the introduction of the digital computer in the 1960 s and the subsequent development of applications in the following years that allowed scientists to investigate the relationship between drug concentrations, drug effect, and time. Now, with the availability of sophisticated computer programs, we are able to use smaller amounts of data to predict drug therapy in individual patients. We are better able to use the sparse data from a population of patients to develop guidelines for dosing medications to an individual. Of course, along with these advances in numerical type analysis has come the ability to measure drug concentrations at increasingly lower levels. This ability to detect smaller and smaller drug amounts gives us a b
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