What are some of the causes of disproportionality in special education and school discipline?
It is important to understand that there is no one over-riding cause of racial and ethnic disparities in special education or school discipline. Rather, our best knowledge suggests that a number of factors contribute: • Poverty: Family and community poverty have been shown to create educational disadvantage, and poverty affects students of color to a disproportionate degree. But poverty does not fully explain racial and ethnic disparities in either special education or school discipline; race also contributes independently above and beyond poverty.[7] • Unequal Educational Opportunity: The educational opportunities of students of color are often limited by poor facilities and inadequate resources, under-representation of students of color in curriculum, and fewer highly qualified teachers.[8] • Special Education Eligibility Process: It is unclear to what extent special education decision making contributes to disproportionality, but the system is often geared to providing services only
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