What are binocular vision disorders and their remediation?
Normal and efficient binocular vision is based on the presence of motor alignment and coordination of the two eyes and sensory fusion. The range of binocular disorders extends from constant strabismus with no binocular vision present to non-strabismic binocular dysfunctions, e.g., convergence insufficiency (146). The first category is non-strabismic binocular disorders. Standard techniques and diagnostic criteria in the assessment of the vergence system and binocular sensory fusion ability have been described in detail elsewhere (181-185). Patients exhibiting non-strabismic anomalies of binocular vision quite often report feeling ocular discomfort and asthenopia (186). Some of the patient complaints include eyestrain, soreness of the eyes, frontal and occipital headaches, and ocular fatigue which result in an aversion to reading and studying (187,187a). Vision therapy has long been advocated as a primary intervention technique for the amelioration of non-strabismic anomalies of binocul
