What alternative chess figures are there than kings, queens, rooks, knights and pawns?
This is basically determined by the variant of chess one is playing. Though many of the historical forms of the games have a variety of differently named pieces, most of these are just earlier versions of the ones currently in use in Western (FIDE) chess. Those which are vastly different are those found in the various Asian forms of the game, such as Shogi’s Nari Hisha (Dragon King).