Vedic Mathematics or zero came first?
They are concurrent! Jagadguruji hardly point out inter-relations of ‘Vedic Mathematics and zero’! Great sage Veda Vyasa compiled 4-Vedas and used ‘zero’ both materially and philosophically. His “18-chapters of Bhagavad-Gita, 18-days war narrated in Mahabharata and 18-puranas” reveal a fact that ‘zero start 2D square matrix positions’ helps to relate memory. (1…9 (rows) +1…9 (columns) is 18. (A merged zero-start position of matrix is regarded HIS position!). Vedic-sutras are ‘matrix position virtues’, which implies “Veda Vyasa perfectly knew sutras and a zero”. By the time Vedas were taking shape, Vedic Mathematics was already a “high utility public awareness”, which naturally became part of a Veda! We are aware that an ancient Indian manner of “linking Sanskrit stances to knowledge” carried “sutras” forward, which is a language-virtue! Much early, Ramayana too reveal ten-based numbers disclosing ancient Indian skill to “imagine, grasp, apply and publicize” a zero!