Treadmill or real running: which burns more calories?
You don’t need physics necessarily. If you “can’t run on the road” but “can run on a treadmill” then the treadmill will burn more calories because you’ll actually do it. I don’t run much (once a year I get an urge to run, then I run 5 or 7 miles a few times then I realize “Oh yeah, I hate running!”) but a treadmill seems about equivalent to me in terms of effort. Depending on the road surface my body takes much more of a pounding out of doors. My favourite surface to run on is trails with a nice carpet of pine needles (if you can have a favourite place to run if you don’t like running that is).