To date, what events have fueled fears about the security of cyberspace?
According to Richard Clarke, the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing was a precipitating event leading the Clinton administration to rethink the vulnerabilities of the nation’s infrastructure: “[It] made us all step back and say, ‘My God, very large scale attacks can occur in the heartland of the U.S. and one or two people can wreak havoc in our heartland.’ And when the smoke cleared and we started thinking about the implications, Janet Reno said, ‘We really ought to look at how vulnerable is our infrastructure.'” In the years that followed there have been several isolated events that have sounded alarms for the cyber security community: In 1997, the Defense Department launched an internal exercise, code-named “Eligible Receiver,” in which a “red team” of hackers from the National Security Agency (NSA) was organized to infiltrate the Pentagon systems. The red team was only allowed to use publicly available computer equipment and hacking software. Although many details about Eligible Receiver ar
