This article is a supplement to the feature “Cosmic Time Arrow: Does Time Run Backward in Other Universes?
If entropy always increases, then how do low-entropy objects such as eggs form in the first place? The law of entropy applies to closed systems. It does not forbid decreases in entropy in open systems, including chickens. A hen takes in energy and goes through a great deal of effort to produce an egg. Don’t some particle processes have a built-in arrow of time? The decays of some elementary particles, such as neutral kaons, happen more frequently in one direction of time than the other. (Physicists do not need to travel backward in time to observe this asymmetry; they infer it from experiments on related particle properties.) But these processes are reversible, unlike the growth of entropy, so they do not explain the arrow of time. The Standard Model of particle physics does not seem to be of any help in explaining the low entropy of the early universe. Doesn’t quantum mechanics have an arrow of time? According to the standard interpretation of quantum mechanics, the measurement of a s
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