Stains for voltage-gated sodium channels have demonstrated pain nerves in which areas of the spine?
Particular slow inactivating channels are expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons. Antibodies to these tetrodotoxin-resistant channels have been developedSNS/PN3 and NaN/SNS2 accumulate in injured peripheral nerve terminals and may mediate chronic mechanical hypersensitivity after nerve injury and inflammation SNS/PN3 and NaN/SNS2 are found in joint capsule ligaments and lig flavum, but much less in annulus fibrosis Bucknill, etal, Spine 27:2:135-140, 2002.