Should I use medications or surgery to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) develops when stomach acid and juices back up, or reflux, into the esophagus when the valve between the lower end of the esophagus and the stomach (the lower esophageal sphincter) does not close tightly enough. The most common symptoms are a sour taste in the mouth or an uncomfortable feeling of burning, warmth, heat, or pain just behind the breastbone. This feeling is commonly referred to as heartburn. See a picture of how reflux happens . GERD most commonly occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes at the wrong time—that is, when you are not swallowing—and remains open too long. Normally, the valve opens for only a few seconds when you swallow. But certain foods may relax the valve so that it does not close as tightly, making reflux more likely. These foods include chocolate, onions, peppermint, coffee, high-sugar foods, and high-fat foods. Smoking may also affect your symptoms. Other factors that can allow stomach juices to back up int
