Page 103: Q: How does Favoured Weapon work?
When you take Favoured Weapon, you select a single weapon, such as longsword. You advance the Armed Combat skill related to that weapon at one pick for two ranks. You suffer a -4 penalty when using all other weapons governed by that skill. You do not, however, suffer a -4 penalty when using weapons governed by other skills within the Armed Combat skill group. For example, if you had Favoured Weapon: Longsword, you would advance Armed Combat: Blades at one pick for two ranks. You would suffer a -4 penalty when using daggers, shortswords, and other non-longsword weapons governed by Armed Combat: Blades. You would suffer no penalty for using weapons like clubs, spears, whips, and so forth, because they are governed by Armed Combat skills other than Armed Combat: Blades.