no other dysfluencies; phonological process to contrast /p,t,k/ vs. /b,d,g/?
Lebrun & Van Borsel (1990); 8 year old boy repetitions of plosives, fricatives, & /r/ mainly when reading; word-final dysfluencies on 8.25% of words; no neurological symptoms Lebrun & Van Borsel (1990); Age 17 repetitions of plosives and fricatives 15.5% dysfluent; 19% of dysfluencies were word-final; diagnosed with Down s syndrome Stansfield (1995) 2 adults 1 adult 1 adult: repetitions repetition, hesitation repetitions, prolongations, blocks repetitions were mainly plosives; typical stuttering was also present in all 4 subjects; no more than 33% of dysfluencies were word-final; all subjects had significant learning difficulties and attended adult training centers Van Borsel et al. (1996 9-year-old boy 1 repetition; usually final parts of words: a syllable, or a vowel and following consonants “stap ap”, “noemt oemt” “gehoord hoord” “diamanten ten” final part-word repetitions predominated in monologue; other dysfluencies were present; no prolongations or blocks; no tension or struggle;
