Most sound cards have a microphone input on them. Can this replace an external mic preamp?
For basic measurements the simple unbalanced mic input on the sound card can work fine. You will probably be limited to multimedia mics or a mic that you build yourself. Noise may become a problem with longer cable lengths. If you are using a professional balanced microphone (like the Behringer ECM8000 we recommend above) you will need a mic preamp with balanced inputs and phantom power. This usually calls for the use of a professional mic mixer as the preamp and source for the phantom power (see our recommendations above).