Is there enough evidence to support that increase in trade improves overall status of women?
In labour-intensive and informal sectors like agriculture and textiles, women are paid less and don’t have the basic things, including legal empowerment, negotiating power or fringe benefits. This leads to their exploitation. We want to link globalisation and trade liberalisation with womens participation. Increased exports were associated with higher female employment in countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Mauritius, Tunisia and the East Asian Tigers. We also found industrialisation in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Singapore is as much female-led as it is export-led. On the flip side, there was a steep fall in women employment in plantations where exports fell. Is Indias trade policy falling behind in these areas? India has benefited in terms of gender empowerment as far as womens participation in trade is concerned. But there are still some areas of unequal treatment. For example, in wage labour, women are more employed than men, but the treatment they get is worse.
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