Is there any evidence that obesity is linked to cancer of the gallbladder, ovaries, or pancreas?
An increased risk of gallbladder cancer has been found to be associated with obesity, particularly among women (70, 71, 72). This may be due to the higher frequency of gallstones in obese individuals, as gallstones are considered a strong risk factor for gallbladder cancer. However, there is not enough evidence to draw firm conclusions. It is unclear whether obesity affects ovarian cancer risk. Some studies report an increased risk among obese women (73, 74, 75), whereas others have found no association (76, 77). A recent report found an increased risk in women who were overweight or obese in adolescence or young adulthood; no increased risk was found in older obese women (78). Studies evaluating the relationship between obesity and pancreatic cancer have been inconsistent (79, 80, 81, 82). One recent study found that obesity increases the risk of pancreatic cancer only among those who are not physically active (80). A recent meta-analysis reported that obese people may have a 19 perce
