IS THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS BEING VIOLATED?
1. The findings of Joule and others led Rudolf Clausius, a German physicist, to state in 1850 that: “In any process, energy can be changed from one form to another (including heat and work), but it is never created or destroyed.” This is the First Law of Thermodynamics. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is stated in different ways by various authors. For the purpose of this report, the following statement by Rudolf Clausius is selected: “It is impossible for a self-acting machine, unaided by external agency, to convey heat from a body at one temperature to another body at a higher temperature.” The Second Law of Thermodynamics is not capable of specific proof, but is axiomatic. It follows from the Second Law that no heat engine can convert an equal or greater useful power energy from a lesser heat energy source. 2. All Perpetual Motion Machines violate the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and they also, do not produce useful power or work. Thermodynamic Academicians describe the Carnot Cyc
