Is restart the same as shutdown and start from an availability perspective?
Restarting OHS does not stop the HTTP service from being available to the end users. It stops the individual child processes after they are done servicing the request at hand, and then starts a new process. This may manifest itself as a graceful slowdown, but not as a downtime to the end users. On the other hand, shutdown stops the listener from listening on the designated port and hence, can be visible as a downtime to the end users. Thus, a restart should always be preferred to a shutdown and restart of OHS.