Is it safe to operate a microwave without the outside metal/plastic casing?
It is completely unsafe to operate a microwave without the entire METAL casing in place, and the the door properly latched shut. A plastic outer cover doesn’t matter, it is just there to look nice, but if the door latch is broken only an idiot would use the microwave without getting it repaired properly. If you botch up a repair, can you be sure it will cut out properly when you (or some kid visiting your house) tries to open the door while the oven is on? A microwave repair shop has the right tools to check there is no microwave leakage after they have repaired it. You don’t. Remember that a faulty microwave oven will cook human flesh just as fast as it cooks any other sort of meat.