Is intraperitoneal levobupivacaine with epinephrine useful for analgesia following laparoscopic cholecystectomy?
Author(s): Ng A, Swami A, Smith G, Robertson G, Lloyd DM Affiliation(s): Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Management, Leicester, UK. anae@le.ac.uk Publication date & source: 2004-08, Eur J Anaesthesiol., 21(8):653-7. Publication type: Clinical Trial; Randomized Controlled Trial BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial of patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. To evaluate whether the instillation of levobupivacaine, with epinephrine, intraperitoneally, reduces morphine consumption; further, to consider the degree of abdominal and shoulder pain in the presence of local anaesthetic at the site of surgical incision. METHODS: Patients received a standardized procedure and were allocated randomly to receive either (a) 2.5 mg mL(-1) levobupivacaine 30 mL, with epinephrine 5 microg mL(-1), or (b) normal saline 30 mL, with epinephrine 5 microg mL(-1), to the bed of the gall bladder and above the liver, immediately
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