Is every professional dog breeder a puppy mill operation?
No, there are many reputable dog breeders who care for their animals properly and do not aim to produce puppies in high-volume operations. Many limit their practice to one or two breeds, and their adult dogs are kept as pets, working dogs, athletes, or show dogs. Their dogs typically receive regular veterinary care, training, and plenty of attention and socialization with people and with other dogs. Reputable breeders keep careful records about the lineage of their animals and so can breed dogs selectively to improve their health, temperament, appearance, and other qualities. Most puppies are tested for potential hereditary problems and are properly vaccinated; if for some reason an individual puppy does not meet the breed standard or has other issues, it is often neutered/spayed and sold at a lower cost. Good breeders typically sell directly to private owners and often require a signed contract wherein the buyer promises to return the dog if they cannot keep the dog permanently as pla
