Is connecting two computers through telephone cables the way to transfer files between two computers?
Not really unless both of them are using the telephone cables to connect to the internet and are communicating between them. What you are referring to is a null modem cable that is usually a serial interface, these are archaic and we had a heyday back in the day (10 years ago) getting them to work properly – I would advise highly AGAINST them. Another easy way is to network your computers through a router or through a hub – both of these options use network cables (they look like fat phone cables), or wireless interfaces. This setup requires a network card (NIC) in each computer, as well as a router or hub. This is not the cheapest thing to do, and if it is just transferring files that you are doing occasionally a flash drive is the cheapest and most convenient option.