Is arguing generally counterproductive?
It depends what you mean by arguing, if it is the whole “Yes!” “No!” “Yes!” “No!” kinda argument, then it is almost never going to be productive, and is often actually counter-productive. However theres a nice saying, “It is said that it is only through learned discourse that we may rise above the savage and become closer to God”, that’s basically saying that it is only through disagreement and intelligent discussion of that disagreement that we can learn anything.