Is any measurement method optimal for all aggregate sizes and types?
Protein-based pharmaceuticals exhibit a wide range of aggregation phenomena, making it virtually impossible to find any one analytical method that works well in all cases. Aggregate sizes cover a range from small oligomers to visible “snow” and precipitates, and generally only the smaller species are reversible. It is less widely recognized that aggregates also exhibit a broad spectrum of lifetimes, and the lifetime has important consequences for detection methods. The fact that the measurement itself may destroy or create aggregates poses a major analytical challenge and is a key determinant for method selection. Several examples of some interesting aggregation phenomena and the analytical approaches we have used are presented. In one case, an “aggregate” seen by SEC in stressed samples was shown to actually be a partially denatured monomer using both size-exclusion chromatography with online multiangle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) and sedimentation velocity. In a second case, f
