In the LM2665 voltage doubler application, is the external diode required?
The LM2665 will work OK without the external diode in this application, but long-term reliability may degrade. Without an external diode, the circuit will use the parasitic diodes internal to the IC. The input voltage needs to be higher for startup, but a 5V input is more than plenty to start the IC even after the parasitic diode drops. The next problem is that you will be stressing the IC and possibly lowering the lifetime or reliability.