If the study achieved its fat intake goal, would the result have been different? What effect did adherence to the low-fat dietary pattern have on the results?
The dietary change group achieved about 70% of the goal reduction in fat intake, and the 9% reduction in breast cancer is about 70% of that which had been predicted at the start of the study. There are reasons to think that the modest reduction observed in breast cancer occurrence in the Dietary Change group may not be due to chance alone since women who started at higher levels of fat intake (and who achieved more change) and women who were more adherent (completed the majority of trial activities) had the greatest reductions in breast cancer risk. The modest reduction in breast cancer risk, although not statistically significant after 8.1 years of follow-up, suggests a trend that with longer follow-up may yield a more definitive answer.
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