If I create netCDF-4 classic model files, can they be read by MATLAB, IDL, or ArcGIS?
Not yet, but such support will soon be added to these software packages. ITT Visual Information Solutions, the company that develops and maintains IDL, has committed to at least netCDF-4 classic model format support for version 7.2, which means it will be able to handle chunking and compression. There is also a possibility of netCDF-4 support in a patch to 7.1, if there is sufficient demand (feature request cr43022). The Mathworks, the organization that develops and maintains MATLAB, has recently upgraded their HDF5 support to version 1.8, which is a prerequisite to supporting netCDF-4 classic model data. So currently the data in a netCDF-4 file can be read in MATLAB by using the HDF-5 interface. Developers at USGS have also developed njTBX, a MATLAB toolkit based on netCDF-Java. ESRI, the organization that develops and maintains ArcGIS, has plans to replace the netCDF-3 library with the netCDF-4 library in ArcGIS 9.4.