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I was reading about the NIH and clinical trials. What are clinical trials?

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I was reading about the NIH and clinical trials. What are clinical trials?

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A clinical trial is an organized study conducted in order to answer specific questions about a new treatment or a new way of using a known treatment. Each study tries to increase medical knowledge and to find new and better ways to help patients. Besides studying new drugs, clinical trials study new combinations of drugs already used, new ways of giving treatment, and how changes in lifestyle can help patients. Other clinical trials compare the best known standard therapy with a newer therapy to see if one produces more cures and causes fewer side effects than the other. Most clinical trials are carried out in steps called phases. Each phase is designed to find different information. Patients may be eligible for studies in different phases, depending on their general condition, the type and stage of their disorder, and what therapy, if any, they have already had. Patients are seen regularly to determine the effect of the treatment, and treatment is always stopped if side effects become

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