I have noticed that the mean and variable wave-drift forces acting on a vessel vary with current, usually becoming larger with increasing current speed. Why is this?
Waves running parallel to an underlying mean current possess, by virtue of that current, greater momentum density than waves of the same wave length and height in the absence of current. By way of analogy, the earth-relative momentum of a bullet fired forward from a moving train is greater than that of the same bullet fired from a platform at the (earth-fixed) train station; when deflected by a solid object, the momentum difference in these two instances results in different forces acting on the deflecting object.
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