I have noticed that the colour of gilding on frames can vary a great deal. Could you explain what the main factors are in determining its colour?
Traditional gold leaf that is laid onto frames is very rarely 100% gold; in fact, to make the gold more malleable during the beating process and to improve strength and handling qualities when it is paper thin, a proportion of up to 50% of pure silver or up to 3% of pure copper is added. The addition of even tiny proportions of silver and copper can dramatically alter the appearance of the gold; silver making it lighter in colour and slightly ‘colder’, copper making it darker and tending towards a ‘warmer’ tone. Various effects can be created by using gold of different colours on the same frame. Frames can also be decorated with metal leaf other than gold; these can be in a combination of various metals, such as copper and zinc, to create an imitation gold leaf, sometimes referred to as Dutch metal or schlagmetal, or single metals, either copper, aluminium or brass. Metal leaf (other than gold) is usually produced in sheets approximately 13 x 13 cm in size, whereas gold is produced in
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