I failed to use antifreeze and the engine block in my car cracked. Why did the freeze plugs fail to protect the engine?
The plugs used in engine blocks and cylinder heads are not actually freeze plugs at all. They are core plugs, used to remove the sand that was used in casting the engine block. They were never designed to be freeze protection. As water freezes, it expands. When a core plug pops out before the engine is damaged, it is more by luck than design.