I am a member of an internet forum dedicated to the Rubiks cube. What is the set of 6 colors (including black/white) that human eye is best able to discriminate?
Generally research on color contrast involves only two colors (such as text on a background), so this is definitely an interesting question. You have already identified black and white and they should certainly be included in your set of six. The next step would be to include 4 chromatic colors that are of intermediate lightness (i.e., not very dark or very light so that they are not easily confused with the white or black). While it is difficult to say what the optimum choices would be, there is probably very little to gain in performance once the colors are separated into distinct hue categories that would not be confused. For example, choosing yellow, green, blue, and red would be about as good as you can do. You just want to make sure that the blue and green are clearly distinguishable which might be accomplished best by making the blue slightly purplish.
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