How were Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty able to identify the composition of Griffiths transforming principle in 1944?
The transforming principle was found in lysates of smooth pneumonia bacteria. These lysates could transform rough pneumonia bacteria into the infectious smooth bacteria. To determine what the factor was, Avery et al treated the lysate with either a protease to destroy proteins or with a DNAase to destroy DNA in the lysate. They observed that protease treatment had no effect on the transforming ability, but DNAase eliminated it. This indicated that DNA was the transforming principle.
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