How were ancient geographic maps created without using satellite technology?
The same way that all maps have been made, even after the advent of satellite systems. The terrain is surveyed using a device such as a surveyor’s transit or one of its precursors. Linear distance is measured using a fixed length of rope, chain, or rods. One’s position on the ocean can be measured using a sextant, astrolabe, or one of their precursors. The depth of water is measured manually using weighted lines or electronically using sonar. Detailed topographical surveys still require extensive hand work.
