How similar is the sound produced by a modern keyboard to that produced by a real piano?
To a highly sensitive ear, a keyboard is not comparable at all to a real piano. Basically, the acoustic sound is just very different from something coming out of speakers. However, chances are a keyboard for a beginner is sufficient, if you are worried about not continuing in the future. It depends on the music you want to play to choose a proper keyboard for yourself though. If you are playing classical music, you need to choose weighted key with a damper pedal on it. If you are playing pop, or something else, then you can choose whatever the keyboard you want or like. Weighted key then is not as important. The reason for weighted key is the touch of it. When you play classical music, not only do you play the right notes and expressions marked, but also you need to play with the sensitivity of touch.