How people are infected with Helicobacter Pylori?
H. pylori is most likely spread from person to person through oral-oral or fecal-oral exposure, since H. pylori may be carried in saliva and feces (stool). More specifically, infection may sometimes result from ingestion of food or water contaminated by fecal matter, such as with contaminated water supplies in developing countries. In addition, children living in less developed countries who regularly swim in pools, streams, or rivers, drink stream water, or eat uncooked vegetables are more likely to be infected. The risk of acquiring an infection also appears to increase with close person-to-person contact, such as in certain living conditions and socioeconomic circumstances in childhood. As examples, an increased frequency of H. pylori infection has been linked to several such factors, including overcrowding, higher number of siblings, sharing a bed, and lack of running water. In addition, in a particular country, a decline in the frequency of H. pylori infection appears to parallel
